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Functions of Urinary System and Role of Kidneys

How and Why the Nitrogenous Waste is produced? When the proteins combine with oxygen, a waste is produced called as nitrogenous wastes. The solid wastes are difficult to be removed from the body unlike the gaseous wastes like carbondioxide and water vapour, hence solid wastes are to be converted into soluble waste product such as […]

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Urinary System : Meanings of Some Commonly Used Terms

Vocabulary of Urinary System: We come across some terms in Urinary System, we need to know the meaning of those terms for better understanding of the Urinary System: Term : Meaning Arteriole : A small artery Bowman’s Capsule : Bowman’s Capsule is  a cup shaped capsule that surrounds each glomerulus Calix or Calyx : Calyx […]

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Urinalysis : Tests to detect Pathological Conditions of Urinary System

What is meant by Urinalysis? Urinalysis is an examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements which may indicate various pathological conditions. The following are some of the tests made in urinalysis: 1. Color: Testing the color of the urine. 2. pH: To test the chemical nature of the urine. The test indicates […]

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Significance of Sensory Receptors, Afferent and Efferent Pathways in Respiration

Significance of the Sensory Receptors and Afferent Pathways Slowly adapting stretch receptors control respiration via the respiratory centre. The other receptors that are important are Unmyelinated sensory C fibres Rapidly adapting irritant receptors that are associated with myelinated vagal fibres. Physical and chemical stimuli acting on irritant receptors on myelinated fibres in the upper airways […]

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Digestive Glands : Functions of Digestive Enzymes

Digestive Glands: There are about 40 million gland cells, present in the lining of the interior stomach walls, which secrete the chemicals into the stomach. The constant peristaltic movements of the stomach helps in mixing these chemicals thoroughly with the food. Each of these chemicals is secreted by a special type of the cell and […]

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Testicular Biopsy – Indications, How is it Done? Results

Testicular biopsy is a diagnostic surgical procedure done in azoospermic male individuals to find out whether there is sperm production or not in the testis. A small piece of testicular tissue is removed and sent to the laboratory in an isotonic medium to find spermatozoa in them. What are the indications for Testicular Biopsy? In […]

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Assisted Hatching Procedure in IVF

‘Assisted Hatching’ is highly scientific and delicate technique done on the embryo to enhance the implantation rate and thereby the success rate of IVF or ICSI cycles. Soon after the release of the oocyte the infundibulum or the fimbriated part of the fallopian tube catches the egg and transport it further by the cilia and […]

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Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI) – What is it? To whom it is done?

What is Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI)? Intra uterine insemination or Artificial Insemination is the first line of treatment choice to treat the infertile couples. In this method semen sample is obtained from the husband or from a donor and processed in the laboratory and a highly motile fraction of the sperms are collected and deposited in […]

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Thyroid Gland : Location and Functions

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Thyroid Gland : Location and Functions

Location of the Thyroid Gland: The thyroid gland is present around the front and either side of the trachea (wind pipe), at the base of the neck, just below the larynx. Thyroid gland resembles a stocky butterfly which is facing downwards towards the chest. What are the Hormones Secreted by Thyroid Gland? Thyroid gland function: […]

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Urinary or Excretory System : Components, Functions and Disorders

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Urinary or Excretory System : Components, Functions and Disorders

Urinary Diseases and Disorders: Urinary diseases include mainly the diseases of the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. Components of the urinary system: The urinary system contains a pair of large excretory glands which are bean shaped kidneys, at the back of the abdomen in the lumbar region, two ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Kidneys […]

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